Apparatus for broaching articles



Feb. 18, 1958 v. L. JOHANNESSEN ETAL} 2,823,592

APPARATUS FOR BROACHING ARTICLES 2 Sheets Sheet 1 I" INVENTORS.

V. L. JOHANNESSEN B. SWEELY ATTORNEY Feb. 18, 1958 v. JOHANNESSEN EI'AL2,823,592

APPARATUS FOR BROACHING ARTICLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 30, 1953INVENTORSz V.- L. JOHANNESSEN D. B; SW EE LY ATTORNEY United StatesPatent APPARATUS FOR BROACHING ARTICLES Vaughn L. Johannessen and DonaldB. Sweely, Indianapolis, Ind., assignors to Western Electric Company,Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York ApplicationDecember 30, 1953, Serial No. 401,168

3 Claims. (CI. 90-33) This invention relates to apparatus for broachingarticles, and more particularly to apparatus for breaching flats onopposite sides of shafts.

An object of the invention is to provide new and improved appara-tus forbroaching articles.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for broachingflats on opposite sides of shafts.

A further object of the invention is to provide simple, sure, andinexpensive apparatus for holding round articles and breaching flats onopposite sides of the articles.

A br-oaching apparatus illustrating certain features of the inventionmay include a pair of broaches mounted in parallel, spaced-apartpositions, each of said broaches being provided with teeth one one sidethereof directed the same as the teeth on the other breach. A holderprovided with sockets therein is designed to receive shafts to bebroached and to be moved into alignment with and center the shafts inalignment with the space between the two broaches. Means are providedfor moving the broaches across the end of the shaft and progressivelypressing the edges of the broach along the shaft to cut flats on theshaft and keep the shaft from turning as it is broached.

A complete understanding of the invention may be obtained from thefollowing detailed description of a broaching apparatus forming aspecific embodiment of the invention, when read in conjunction with theappended drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view ofa broaching apparatus forming one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, horizontal section of a portion ofthe apparatusshown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a portion of the apparatus shown inFig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of an article broached shown in Fig. 1, takenalong the line 44 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the article taken along the line55 of Fig. 3.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, there is shown therein aworkholder provided with a row of bores 11, in each of which is mounteda bushing for receiving a shaft 13, which is to have flats 14 and 15formed on opposite sides of the lefthand end of the shaft 13, as viewedin Fig. 3, and flats 17 and 18 formed on opposite sides of the righthandend of the shaft. Each shaft 13 also is provided with a flange 19. Theholder 10 receives the shafts 13 in the bushings 12, which mount theshafts rotatably in the bushings, but limit, with the flanges 19,longitudinal movement of the shafts 13.

The holder 10 is mounted on a carriage 21 movable along ways 22 to movethe shafts 13 between vertical guideways 25 and 26 to locate the ends ofthe shafts 13 in centered positions relative to opposed broaches 28 and29, respectively. The broaches 28 are parallel to one another and areprovided with angular teeth 34 opposed somewhat to one another, and eachalso has teeth 35 facing in the same direction as the correspondingteeth on the other breach 28. A clearance space 36 is provided be-2,823,592 Patented Feb. 18, less "ice tween the broaches 28. Thebroaches 29 are spaced apart so as to provide a clearance space 41, andeach has teeth 42 generally opposed to the teeth 42 on the other breachand also have teeth 44 facing the same general direction on the sides ofthe broaches 29 nearest the broaches 28.

The broaches 28 are mounted on a slide 55 slidable on the standard 26,and broaches 29 are secured rigidly to a slide 54 slidable along thestandard 25 in a vertical direction, as viewed in Fig. 1. Suitable powermeans of a well-known type (not shown), such as a cylinder or the like,are provided for moving the slides 54 and 55 as a unit downwardly alongthe standards 25 and 26 in a working stroke and for moving the broachesupwardly to their position shown in Fig. 1 in a retracting stroke.

Operation In the operation of the apparatus described above, the shafts13 are placed in the bushings 12, and the carriage 21 is moved to theleft, as viewed in Fig. 1, to place the bushings in a position centeredbetween the broaches 28 and 29. The power meansthen is actuated to movethe slides 54 and 55 downwardly. The broaches 29'are lower than thebroaches 28 and first engage the large portion 56 of the shaft 13, theteeth 44 barely touch the uppermost shaft 13 and beign to cut into theportion 56 of the shaft engaged thereby on opposite sides of the axis ofthe shaft 13. The forces exerted on the shaft offset one anotherinsofaras torque is concerned so as to prevent turning of the shaft 13.

The broaches 29 extend down below the broaches 28 and engage their endsof the shaft 13 and shove the flanges 19 up against the holder end andinitiate their cutting prior to engagement of the other ends of theshaft by the broaches 28, and then the broaches 28' engage their ends oftheshaft, the flatformed on the righthand end of the shaft, as viewed inFig. 3, serving to key the shaft so that the the flats 14 and 15 areoriented with respect to the flats 17 and 19 on the shafts 13. As thebroaches 28 and 29 continue to move downwardly, they cut further alongthe shaft 13 until the flats 14 and 15 and 17 and 18 are fully formed,and, after this has been accomplished, the slides 54 and 55 are raisedcompletely out of engagement with the shaft 13, the carriage 21 is movedto the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, and the finished shafts 13 are pulledmanually from the bushings 12.

The above-described apparatus serves to cut the four flats 14 and 15 and17 and 18 on the ends of the shafts 13 without keying the shafts to theholder 10, and the flats are perfectly oriented with respect to oneanother. The holder 10 may be rapidly loaded and unloaded inasmuch as nokeying or clamping operations thereon are necessary, all that isrequired being to insert the shafts 13 into the bushings.

It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are simplyillustrative of the application of the principles of the invention.Numerous other arrangements may be readily devised by those skilled inthe art which will embody the principles of the invention and fallwithin the spirit and scope thereof.

What is claimed is:

1. A breaching apparatus, which comprises a vertical guideway, a pair ofbroaches, means for mounting said pair of broaches for vertical movementalong one side of the guideway and extending along said side of theguideway in positions in which each of the broaches faces at leastpartially toward the other side of the guideway and the broaches arespaced apart, a second pair of broaches, means mounting the second pairof broaches on the side of and extending along the guideway opposite tothat at which the first pair of broaches are mounted in positions inwhich the broaches of the second pair are spaced apart, said mountingmeans serving to mount the pairs of breaches in positions in which thelower ends of the first pair of breaches extend downwardly beyond thelower ends of the second pair of breaches, a holder provided with aseries of bores therethrough in a vertical row for receiving shafts eachhaving a flange near one end only thereof in positions in which the endsof the shafts extend beyond the sides of the holder in alignment withthe spaces between the pairs of breaches and the flanged end of eachshaft is en the side of the holder nearer to the first pair of breaches,and means for moving the breaches downwardly into engagement with theends of the shafts held by the holder, each of said first pair ofbreaches having teeth in a row at an angle partially facing the teeth ofthe other breach of the first pair and partially facing the holder toseat the flange of each shaft against the holder.

2. In an apparatus for forming flat surfa-ces'on peripheral areas of acylindrical work piece having a flange, a work holder having a boretherein larger in diameter than the diameter of the work piecepositioned therein, said work holder being shorter than the work pieceso that theends thereof and the flange extend beyond the work holder, afirst pair of breaches, means for slidably mounting the breaches aboveone end of the work piece, said breaches having cutting teeth formedthereon at oppositely disposed angles to each other, a second pair ofbreaches, means for slidably mounting the second breaches above theother end of the work piece at a distance greater than the first pair ofbreaches, said second breaches having teeth formed thereon facing eachother, and means for simultaneously moving said four breaches toward theWork piece whereupon the first pair of breaches engage and applyopposite torques to hold said work piece against rotation whilelongitudinally sliding the work piece to move the flange thereon againstthe rim of the bore Whereafter said second pair of breaches engage saidether end of the work piece. 3. In an apparatus for forming flatsurfaces on a cylindrical work piece, said work piece being providedwith a flange spaced from one end thereof, a work holder having a boretherein for rotatably supporting a work piece therein, said work holderpositioning the work piece so that the flange engages the rim of thebore and both ends extend beyond the work holder, a first pair ofbreaches spaced apart and having teeth therein at oppositely disposedangles with respect to the axis of the bore in the work holder, meansfor slidably mounting the breaches to engage diametrically opposedsections of the flanged end of a work piece positioned in the bore ofthe work holder, a second set of teeth formed on said breaches at rightangles to the axis of the bore in the work holder and positioned to actupon the flange of the work piece, a second pair of breaches havingteeth thereon at oppositely disposed angles with respect to the bore inthe work holder, means for slidably mounting the second breaches atdiametrically opposed positions with respect to the other end of theWork piece and at a distance greater than the distance that the firstbreaches are mounted with respect to the work piece, and means forsimultaneously moving said breaches toward the work piece whereby thefirst pair of breaches engage oppositely disposed sections of the Workpiece and the flange to hold said work piece from rotation andlongitudinally force the flange against the rim of the bore to hold saidwork piece stationary whereafter the second breaches engage thestationarily held work piece.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS572,376 Roberts Dec. 1, 1896 1,198,967 Stempert Sept. 19, 1916 1,815,647Blood July 21, 1931 1,937,887 Halberg Dec. 5, 1933 2,101,624 Muller Dec.7, 1937 2,511,912 Georse June 20, 1950 2,631,501 Welte Mar. 17, 1953

